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DLC (Differential Leukocyte Count) Test

DLC (Differential Leukocyte Count) Test

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What is a Differential Leukocyte Count?

  • Purpose: The DLC test measures the percentage of each type of white blood cell (leukocyte) in your blood.
  • Function: It helps diagnose and monitor infections, inflammatory diseases, and hematologic disorders.

Types of White Blood Cells Measured in DLC

  1. Neutrophils

    • Function: Fight bacterial infections and respond to inflammation.
    • Normal Range: 40% to 70% of total WBCs.
    • Significance: High levels may indicate bacterial infections or inflammation; low levels may suggest a risk of infection or bone marrow problems.

  2. Lymphocytes

    • Function: Involved in the body’s immune response, fighting viral infections and producing antibodies.
    • Normal Range: 20% to 40% of total WBCs.
    • Significance: High levels may indicate viral infections, chronic inflammatory conditions, or certain leukemias; low levels may suggest immunodeficiency or severe infections.

  3. Monocytes

    • Function: Remove dead or damaged cells and fight certain infections.
    • Normal Range: 2% to 8% of total WBCs.
    • Significance: High levels may indicate chronic infections, inflammation, or blood disorders; low levels are less common but may occur in bone marrow disorders.

  4. Eosinophils

    • Function: Combat parasitic infections and play a role in allergic reactions.
    • Normal Range: 1% to 4% of total WBCs.
    • Significance: High levels may indicate allergies, asthma, or parasitic infections; low levels are generally not clinically significant.

  5. Basophils

    • Function: Involved in allergic responses and release histamine.
    • Normal Range: 0.5% to 1% of total WBCs.
    • Significance: High levels may indicate allergic reactions, chronic inflammation, or certain leukemias; low levels are generally not clinically significant.

Why is the DLC Test Done?

  1. Diagnosis: Helps diagnose infections, inflammatory diseases, allergic reactions, and hematologic disorders.
  2. Monitoring: Monitors the progression of diseases and the effectiveness of treatments, especially for infections, leukemias, and immune system disorders.
  3. Health Assessment: Provides a detailed picture of the immune system's status and overall health.

When Should You Get a DLC Test?

  • Infections: If you have symptoms of infections such as fever, chills, or unexplained illness.
  • Inflammatory Diseases: For symptoms of chronic inflammation, such as joint pain, swelling, or chronic fatigue.
  • Immune System Disorders: If you have symptoms of immune system disorders or a history of autoimmune diseases.
  • Routine Checkups: As part of a comprehensive health assessment or during a routine CBC test.
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